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Sains
Malaysiana 55(8)(2026): 1234-1248
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2026-5508-01
Penjerapan Serentak terhadap Logam Berat dan
Pewarna Organik oleh Penjerap Berasaskan
(Simultaneous Adsorption of Heavy Metals and
Organic Dyes by β-Cyclodextrin-Epichlorohydrin-Chitosan Based
Adsorbent)
ZAINAB YUSOFF1, NUR AIDA FATIMAH MASHRI1,
IZZAH MASITAH AZMI1, FAROUK FIRDAUS2 & NADHRATUN
NAIIM MOBARAK1
1Jabatan Sains
Kimia, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM
Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
2Australian
Redclaw Breeding and Aquaculture Hatchery, Kampung Durian, 06700 Pendang,
Kedah, Malaysia
Received: 30
April 2025/Accepted: 30 July 2026
Abstrak
Penyelidikan ini mengkaji kesan
taut silang
β-siklodekstrin dalam struktur kitosan terhadap potensinya sebagai penjerap
serentak bagi ion logam dan pewarna.
β-siklodekstrin
ditaut silang dengan kitosan menggunakan epiklorohidrin (ECH) menghasilkan β-CD-ECH-CS yang dicirikan
menggunakan Spektroskopi Inframerah Transformasi Fourier (FTIR), Analisis
Termogavimetri (TGA), Kalorimetri Imbasan Pembeza (DSC) dan Pembelauan Sinar-X
(XRD) untuk menilai struktur, sifat terma dan kehabluran. Analisis FTIR
menunjukkan pembentukan ikatan kovalen antara ECH dengan kumpulan amina pada
kitosan dan kumpulan hidroksil pada
β-siklodekstrin.
Keputusan TGA dan DSC menunjukkan
β-CD-ECH-CS
mempunyai ketahanan terma yang lebih rendah tetapi kestabilan terma yang lebih
tinggi, manakala analisis XRD menunjukkan pengurangan tahap kehabluran selepas
taut silang. Keupayaan penjerapan
β-CD-ECH-CS
turut dinilai terhadap Pb(II) dan metil jingga (MO) dalam sistem tunggal dan
binari. Dalam sistem tunggal, peratus penjerapan
β-CD-ECH-CS
terhadap Pb(II) dan MO masing-masing adalah 99.91% dan 29.6% pada keadaan
optimum. Walau bagaimanapun, dalam sistem binari, peratus penjerapan terhadap
MO meningkat kepada 58.31%, manakala penjerapan Pb(II) kekal iaitu 99.53%.
Peningkatan kecekapan penjerapan dalam sistem binari ini dikaitkan dengan kesan
sinergistik antara
β-CD dan kitosan
dengan rongga hidrofobik
β-CD memudahkan
penginklusian molekul MO, manakala kumpulan amina kitosan kekal berfungsi
sebagai tapak aktif bagi Pb(II). Keadaan ini mengurangkan persaingan antara
kedua-dua bahan pencemar terhadap tapak penjerapan, sekali gus meningkatkan
prestasi keseluruhan sistem binari berbanding sistem tunggal.
Kata kunci:
Epiklorohidrin; ion plumbum(II); kitosan; metil jingga;
β-siklodekstrin
Abstract
This study
investigated the effect of β-cyclodextrin
crosslinking in the chitosan structure on its potential as a simultaneous
adsorbent for metal ions and dyes. β-cyclodextrin
was crosslinked with chitosan using epichlorohydrin (ECH) to produce β-CD-ECH-CS
which was characterised using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR),
Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and
X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to evaluate the structure, thermal properties, and
crystallinity. FTIR analysis showed the formation of covalent bonds between ECH
with the amine groups on chitosan and the hydroxyl groups on β-cyclodextrin.
TGA and DSC results showed that β-CD-ECH-CS had
lower thermal resistance but higher thermal stability, while XRD analysis
showed a decrease in crystallinity after modification. The adsorption capacity
of this material was evaluated against Pb(II) and methyl orange (MO) in single
and binary systems. In the single system, the adsorption percentages of
β-CD-ECH-CS for
Pb(II) and MO were 99.91% and 29.6%, respectively, at the optimum conditions.
However, in the binary system, the adsorption percentage for MO increased
significantly to 58.31%, while the adsorption of Pb(II) remained at 99.53%. The
increase in adsorption efficiency in the binary system was attributed to the
synergistic effect between β-CD and
chitosan, where the hydrophobic cavity of β-CD facilitated
the inclusion of MO molecules, while the amine groups of chitosan remained
functional as active sites for Pb(II). This reduced the competition between the
two pollutants for the adsorption sites, thus improving the overall performance
of the binary system compared to the single system.
Keywords:
Chitosan; epichlorohydrin; lead(II) ion; methyl orange; β-cyclodextrin
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*Corresponding author; email: nadhratunnaiim@ukm.edu.my
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